By Cathy M. Rosenthal
The other day, I received a question from a cat owner whose feline had been acting strangely since they introduced a new kitten into the home. Their older cat began hiding under the bed, hissing at the new arrival and pacing the hallway at night. While the owner worried her cat was becoming aggressive, these behaviors are classic signs of stress in cats.
It’s a common misconception that cats are aloof and indifferent to their surroundings. In reality, cats are highly sensitive creatures that thrive on routine and familiarity. Changes in their environment, no matter how small, can cause stress—and cats express stress in ways that are often subtle and easy to miss.
Stress Signals in Cats
Cats don’t bark or growl like dogs when they’re stressed (though they may hiss or yowl in extreme cases). Instead, they rely on body language, behaviors, and sometimes vocalizations to communicate their discomfort. Here are some common signs of stress in cats:
- Hiding: One of the most obvious stress signals in cats is retreating to a quiet, enclosed space. Whether it’s under the bed, in a closet, or behind furniture, hiding helps cats feel safe when they’re overwhelmed.
- Over-Grooming: Cats are meticulous groomers, but excessive grooming, especially to the point of bald patches, is a stress response. This behavior, known as psychogenic alopecia, can occur when cats are anxious or feel out of control.
- Litter Box Changes: If your cat suddenly stops using the litter box, it could be a sign of stress. Stress-induced urination or defecation outside the box often occurs when a cat feels threatened or insecure.
- Pacing: A stressed cat may pace restlessly and be unable to settle down. This behavior is often accompanied by a flicking or twitching tail, another sign of unease.
- Vocalizations: Increased yowling, crying, or even growling can indicate that your cat is feeling stressed. Cats may also meow more frequently when they’re seeking reassurance.
- Flattened Ears and Dilated Pupils: When a cat’s ears are pinned back and their pupils are wide, they’re likely feeling scared or overwhelmed.
- Appetite Changes: Stress can cause a cat to stop eating or, conversely, to overeat as a coping mechanism.
- Aggression: A stressed cat may lash out with biting or scratching, especially if they feel cornered or threatened.
Helping Your Cat Cope
When your cat is stressed, the first step is to identify the source of their discomfort. In the case of the owner with the new kitten, the older cat was likely stressed by the sudden change in their environment and the presence of an unfamiliar animal.
Here’s how you can help a stressed cat adjust:
- Create Safe Spaces: Give your cat access to quiet, elevated spaces where they can retreat and observe from a distance. Cats feel safer when they can perch above the action.
- Maintain Routine: Cats thrive on predictability. Keep feeding times, play sessions, and other routines consistent to help them feel secure.
- Slow Introductions: If you’re introducing a new pet or person, do so gradually. Use scent-swapping techniques (like trading bedding) to familiarize your cat with the newcomer before they meet face-to-face.
- Use Calming Tools: Products like pheromone diffusers, sprays, or collars can help reduce stress. These mimic natural cat pheromones that signal safety and relaxation.
- Engage in Play: Interactive play can help channel your cat’s energy and provide a positive distraction from whatever is causing their stress.
- Address Environmental Stressors: Loud noises, sudden changes, or lack of stimulation can all contribute to stress. Consider adding cat trees, scratching posts, or window perches to enrich their environment.
The Importance of Observation
One of my own cats once experienced stress after we moved to a new home. At first, she seemed fine—eating, playing, and cuddling as usual. Then, one day, she rolled over and revealed that she had licked a patch of fur clean off her belly. She’d been silently stressed for weeks, and I hadn’t noticed until that moment.
Cats are masters of hiding their emotions, so it’s crucial to pay attention to subtle changes in their behavior. Regularly check for signs like over-grooming, decreased appetite, or sudden mood shifts. By spotting these signals early, you can intervene before stress escalates into more serious health or behavioral problems.
When to Seek Help
If your cat’s stress behaviors persist despite your best efforts, it may be time to consult your veterinarian. Chronic stress can lead to health issues like urinary tract infections or gastrointestinal problems, and a vet can rule out medical causes and suggest additional treatments.
Closing Thoughts
Understanding how cats express stress is key to helping them navigate life’s challenges. Whether it’s a new kitten, a move, or even a change in furniture, your cat relies on you to recognize their signals and make adjustments to their environment.
By paying attention to their behavior, offering reassurance, and providing safe, enriching spaces, you can help your cat feel secure and confident, no matter what life throws their way. Remember, a happy cat is a healthy cat!
Check out Recognizing Stress Signals in Your Dog.
Cathy M. Rosenthal is a longtime animal advocate, author, and pet columnist with more than 35 years in the field of animal welfare. If you are interested in her children’s books, please visit https://cathyrosenthal.com/petpunditpublishing/. Send your pet questions to cathy@petpundit.com.